Well, On-site optimization, quality content, quality inbound links, keyword research and targeting is considered white hat.
Also natural link building such as leaving a link on youtube video description and social bookmarking sites is considered white hat I guess.
Leaving a link on a question answer as a content source is considered white hat.
Leaving a link from your website in a blog comment was considered white hat till comment posting software appeared.
But most of the
SEO elements that were considered white hat till 5-6 years ago are now considered Black Hat because of BH software.
Even On-page
SEO can now be considered as black hat with the appearance of software, plugins that should optimize for the best results.
I had a small site ranking for 1 month pretty well for some none competitive keywords, on page one and two, with no onsite optimization except alt tags and H1 titles and 20 high backlinks + some social bookmarks.
Once I read more about onsite optimization I optimized my site for meta, keywords, h1,h2,h3, categories, titles, 4% density, inner linking etc. and guess what, the site went to page 7-8 and I haven't been able to move it closer than page 4, for 1 month now.
I started taking some crucial notes and research and what i found out is NATURAL ranks well, UNNATURAL finds it hard to rank.